Saek language
Saek (Thai: ภาษาแสก) is a Tai language spoken in at least ten villages in Khammouane Province, Laos, and at least four villages in Nakhon Phanom Province in northeastern Thailand, just across the Mekong River. It is spoken by the Saek people.
Phonology
The Saek tones are:
- 1 = /34/ mid level, slight rise at the end
- 2 = /11/ low level
- 3 = /31/ falling to low, with glottal constriction
- 4 = /454/ high rising-falling
- 5 = /52/ high falling
- 6 = /32/ mid level, with slight fall and glottal constriction
Saek tonal splits are as follows (See Proto-Tai language#Tones for clarification.).
Gedney Diagram: Saek Tones
|
*A |
*B |
*C |
*DS |
*DL |
| Aspirated |
2, 1 |
6 |
3 |
4 |
6 |
| Unaspirated |
1 |
6 |
3 |
4 |
6 |
| Glottalized |
1 |
6 |
3 |
4 |
6 |
| Voiced |
4 |
5 |
6 |
6 |
5 |
Locations
Saek is spoken in the following locations (Hudak & Gedney 2010:251-252).
Thailand
Two Saek villages are "Ban Asamat" and "Ban Phai Lom," located just off the main river road a few kilometers north of Nakhon Phanom city. Another is Ban Ba Wa Saek, located further upriver, but inland a few kilometers. However, except for the older generation, the Saek language is all but disappearing as there is a strong tendency for younger generations to use the local trade language Lao/Isan, and/or the official Central Thai language as they are assimilated into mainstream Thai society.
William Gedney lists the following Saek villages in Nakhon Phanom Province, Thailand.
- baan3 ʔaat6 saa1 maat5 (known locally as baan3 khɔɔŋ2). 5 km north of the city of Nakhon Phanom. This is the variant recorded by William Gedney in his Saek language: glossary, texts, and translations. Variant pronunciations: ʔeek6 ʔaa1 saa1 (old name; archaic), ʔa4 sa6 maat5, ʔa6 saa1, ʔaa1 saa1, ʔaa1 sa6 maat5, ʔaa1 saa1 maat5, ʔaat6 sa6 maat5.
- baan3 phay6 lɔɔm3, one mile inland from baan3 ʔaat6 saa1 maat5. Variant name" baan3 saw1 law3.
- baan3 dɔŋ1 sa6 mɔɔ4 in sii1 soŋ1 khraam4 district. Variant pronunciations: dɔɔn1 suʔ6 mɔɔ4, doŋ1 su6 mɔɔ4, doŋ1 sa6 mɔɔ4.
- baan3 baa6 vaa3 in kiŋ6 naa4 vaa3 district. Variant pronunciation: baa1 vaa3.
According to Gedney, abandoned Saek villages in Thailand include:
- baan3 thaa5 vaay4, between baan3 ʔaat6 saa1 maat5 and the city of Nakhon Phanom.
- baan3 naa4 la?6 vaay4, on the road to Sakon Nakhon.
Laos
According to Gedney's texts and notebooks, Saek is spoken in the following locations in Laos.
- baan3 thaa5 khɛɛ4
- baan3 thɔɔk5
- baan3 phoo4 kham3
- baan3 phaa5 thuŋ1 - completely occupied by Saek
- baan3 phoon3 ŋaam1 - half Lao, half Saek village
Chamberlain (1998) cites more Saek-speaking villages in Laos:
- Khamkeut District, Borikhamxay Province
- Ban Na Kadok, Nam Veo Subdistrict (originally from Phu Quan village, near Đức Thọ, Hà Tĩnh, Vietnam)
- Ban Som Sanouk, Lak Xao Subdistrict
- Ban Nam Phao, Lak Xao Subdistrict
- Ban Houay Toun, Lak Xao Subdistrict
- Ban Na Tham Kwang (or Ban Nam Hoy), Khammmouane Subdistrct
- Nakai District, Khammouane Province
- Ban Toeng
- Ban Na Meo
- Ban Na Moey
- Ban Beuk
- Gnommarath District, Khammouane Province
- Ban Pha Toung (residents originally from Ban Toeng)
- Ban Khène (residents originally from Ban Toeng)
- Thakhek District, Khammouane Province: various villages
- Hinboun District, Khammouane Province: various villages
Morev notes that Saek is also spoken in the following districts of Khammouane Province, Laos.
Vietnam
According to Gedney, Vietnam is said to have the two following Saek villages.
- baan3 trɤɤŋ3 (actually in Laos according to Chamberlain (1998))
- baan3 tɛɛn1
However, Chamberlain (1998) notes that these villages are actually in Laos, not Vietnam.
According to Gedney, abandoned Saek villages in Vietnam include:
- baan3 bɯk4 naa4 tɤɤ3
- baan3 sin4 naa4 mɤɤy4
- baan3 trɤɤŋ1
- baan3 thruu3
- The phiaŋ4 sɤɤŋ1
References
- Chamberlain, James R. 1998. "The Origin of the Sek: Implications for Tai and Vietnamese History". Journal of the Siam Society 86.1 & 86.2: 27-48.
- Gedney, W. J. (1993). William J. Gedney's the Saek language: glossary, texts, and translations. Michigan papers on South and Southeast Asia, no. 41. [ ]: Center for South and Southeast Asian Studies, University of Michigan. ISBN 0891480730
- Hudak, Thomas J., and William J. Gedney. 2010. William J. Gedney's concise Saek-English, English-Saek lexicon. Oceanic Linguistics special publication, no. 37. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press.
- Morev, L. N. 1988. Yozik Sek [The Saek Language]. Moscow: Nauka.
External links